Sensor

Traditional methods for measuring water transparency include the Secchi disk method, the lead character method, and the cross method. The latter two rely on visual observation after sampling and are unable to provide values when water transparency exceeds the length of the measuring tube. The Secchi disk, a 20 cm diameter disk…

Infrared scattering light technology involves directing a light beam onto the sample solution, where sludge particles scatter the light. The infrared light source emits light, and the detection path is set at a specific angle to the incident light. The intensity of the scattered light received by the detector correlates with…

When measuring a sample, the salinity sensor first obtains an accurate conductivity value, which is then converted into salinity through an internal algorithm. Conductance or resistance is determined by measuring the current and voltage across the electrodes of the conductivity cell. Conductance (G) is defined as the reciprocal…

The redox sensor uses a platinum electrode as the indicator electrode, and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode forms a galvanic cell with the water sample. The redox potential of the platinum electrode relative to the saturated Ag/AgCl reference electrode is measured with an electronic millivoltmeter, then converted to the redox…

The sensor collects the potential difference between the reference electrode and the glass hydrogen ion indicator electrode, as well as the resistance value from the thermistor to obtain the water temperature. Based on the Nernst equation, the potential is then converted into a pH value.

The integrated multi-parameter water quality analyzer is a monitoring instrument designed for hydrological and water quality data collection. Featuring a multi-in-one structural design, it can freely accommodate up to six sensors, including dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, ORP, liquid level, chlorophyll, and…

During the interaction between dissolved oxygen in water and fluorescent substances, both the fluorescence intensity decreases and the fluorescence lifetime shortens. This fluorescence quenching can be described by the Stern–Volmer equation: Where: I0I_0 — Fluorescence intensity in the absence of oxygen II — Fluorescence…

To measure the resistance or conductivity of a sample, the current and voltage across the electrodes of a conductivity cell must be measured. Conductance (G) is defined as the reciprocal of resistance: G = 1 / R = I / V The value of conductance depends on the geometry of the electrode plates and is represented by the cell…